these are definitions and the biographies

The definition of iconic states that a recognizable representation of an object a photograph of someone can be described as an iconic sign as it is a natural resemblance of the thing it represents.

john fiskes, Arbitrary definition : They are codes where the agreement between the users is explicit and defined they are codes with a stated and agreed relationship between signified and signifier.

Daniel Chandler Denotation Connotation and Myth

Denotation definition: Denotation' tends to be described as the definitional, 'literal', 'obvious' or 'common sense' meaning of a sign. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. For the art historian Erwin Panofsky, the denotation of a representational visual image is what all viewers from any culture and at any time would recognize the image as depicting (Panofsky 1970a, 51-3). 

Connotation Definition: connotation' is used to refer to the socio-cultural and 'personal' associations (ideological, emotional etc.) of the sign. These are typically related to the interpreter's class, age, gender, ethnicity and so on. 

Myth definition : 

can be seen as extended metaphors. Like metaphors, myths help us to make sense of our experiences within a culture (Lakoff & Johnson 1980, 185-6). They express and serve to organize shared ways of conceptualizing something within a culture. 

http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem06.html

David Crowe

syntagm definition: This is a collection of signs that are organized in a linear sequence

paradigm definition: The meaning we get from a collection of signs does not come from these linear combinations alone

Biographies 

Crow, D.

Left to right

In-text: (Crow, 2006)
Bibliography: Crow, D. (2006). Left to right. Lausanne: AVA Academia.

Google Books

Introduction to Communication Studies

In-text: (Google Books, 2015)
Bibliography: Google Books, (2015). Introduction to Communication Studies. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dmjFBQAAQBAJ&dq=arbitrary+definition+john+fiske&source=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed 11 Jan. 2015].

Visual-memory.co.uk

Semiotics for Beginners: Denotation, Connotation and Myth

In-text: (Visual-memory.co.uk, 2015)
Bibliography: Visual-memory.co.uk, (2015). Semiotics for Beginners: Denotation, Connotation and Myth. [online] Available at: http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem06.html [Accessed 11 Jan. 2015]